View Thread : Consultant recommends careful development of community based eco-tourism in PNG


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PAPUA New Guineans going into community-based eco-tourism ventures have been cautioned to do so with great care. A consultant engaged by the European Union funded Eco Forestry Programme (EFP) made the remarks as part of her findings of the Community-based Eco-tourism Study in West New Britain which was carried out from May 24 to June 14, 2004.

The European consultant, Sabine Spohn said: “even though tourism is the world’s largest industry, accounting for more than 10 per cent of total employment, inappropriate development of tourism can have negative impacts. These can result in exploitation of natural resources, waste and pollution, depletion of cultural traditions and negative socio-economic impact on local population.”

The consultant added that “the underlying concept of eco-tourism, however, is aiming at responsible tourism, actively enhancing awareness (both by consumers and suppliers) and conservation of cultural heritage and at the same time providing alternative income sources for local people”.

The study was carried out as part of EFP’s Eco-Tourism (ECOTOUR) Support Scheme, which is one of six schemes covered by the programme. It was done in collaboration with the study on Community-based Eco-tourism Development in PNG, conducted by Mahonia Na Dari Resort and Conservation Centre, in West New Britain.

The consultant said in her 90-page report that due to PNG’s rugged terrain, the remoteness of villages, erratic infrastructure and communication problems, tourism activities will be more challenging to organize and more costly than in other countries. In addition, the issue of law and order in various locations has given PNG a bad reputation, especially in its immediate neighbour country Australia.

According to the findings, most of the selected eco-tourism sites in West New Britain had nobody keeping records of the number of visitors to the communities. In addition, none of the communities interviewed had a clear understanding about how to market their sites. The majority did not even have an idea about what products they could offer and how these could be packaged.

It is also difficult to organize the communities and for communities to run their own tourism business due to communication problems, insufficient managerial and leadership skills, mistrust, misappropriation, lack of transparency and recurrent landowner disputes.
These constraints are some of the reasons why community-based eco-tourism industry in PNG is still in its infant stage and very vulnerable to many factors which are often beyond the control of the individual community.

The consultant Sabine Spohn (left) presenting her findings at the NFS office in Port Moresby. Tourism Promotion Authority, some tour operators and NFS staff turned up for her presentation.

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PNG is unique and has great tourism potential
The consultant added that PNG with its 463,000 square kilometres of land area, a population of about five million people, with over 80 per cent living in rural areas, has a natural and cultural diversity which is quite unique in the world and provides good potential for tourism. However, the tourism industry has not profited from this yet. The number of tourists visiting PNG is still insignificant with the Tourism Promotion Authority (TPA) reporting a decline in tourist arrivals since 2000, the last reported number by TPA in 2003 was 14,820 while in 1999 it recorded 23,862.

This reduction she said is partly due to factors beyond the immediate control of PNG, for example the September 11 disaster in New York (2002), Bali Bombing (2003), SARS (2003) which had a negative impact foremost on the arrival of American tourists. Finally, PNG’s deteriorating law and order has resulted in negative press reports, particularly in Australia, and has led to a decreasing number of tourists from Australia.
It needs a concerted effort by all stakeholders in developing a long-term strategy that promotes eco-tourism in PNG and sustainable management of natural resources and preservation of cultural traditions.

The national government has recently started to promote tourism actively, especially eco-tourism, since it is seen as an income generating opportunity for the rural population. This long-term strategy is evident through the opening of new representative offices in various cities of Australia such as Cairns, Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne, to counteract the bad publicity, as well as in Europe, particularly Germany. TPA has also drafted guidelines for the development of rural based tourism.

West New Britain
West New Britain has a population of about 185,000 people who are spread over 125 islands with a combined land area of 24,575 square kilometres. It is primarily known for its magnificent underwater world and historic world war II wrecks both on land and under water. However, it has many other nature attractions such as caves, active volcanoes, obsidian glass, orchids, butterflies and birds. West New Britain has experienced considerable loss of natural habitat to oil palm plantations and logging and eco-tourism could, therefore, provide an alternative source of income to reduce further unsustainable exploitation.

The tourism numbers in West New Britain are still rather small with TPA recording 1,000 tourists visiting the province in 2003. However, this figure is disputable as the hotels and resorts say 3,000 is more realistic based on international tourist arrivals.

While the assessment of the tourism potential for WNB was not thorough enough to establish a complete picture of the eco-tourism potential in the province, analysis of statistics from TPA, feedback from hotels and resorts and discussions with stakeholders and key informants show that there is a market for community-based eco-tourism initiatives if packaged properly and promoted through the right channels. Awareness and capacity building need to be carried out about the concepts and requirements of eco-tourism and its subsequent benefits and pitfalls for local people.

Even though the study focussed on West New Britain, it is anticipated that recommendations and lessons learnt are applicable for other community-based eco-tourism sites currently supported through EFP’s ECOTOUR scheme. However, the consultant stressed that careful attention should be given to the cultural and traditional characteristics of one region to another in PNG since they will be quite different and adaptations should be done according to prevailing local conditions.

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Bialla in the West New Britain province